Publications (Full CV) (Google Scholar)
Clifford, Scott, and Lucas Lothamer. “How Strong Policy Attitudes Activate Support for Aggressive Political Action.” Accepted at Political Behavior. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott, and Carlisle Rainey. “The Limits (and Strengths) of Single-Topic Experiments.” Conditionally accepted at Political Analysis. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott, Elizabeth Simas, and JeongKyu Suh. “The Policy Basis of Group Sentiments.” Forthcoming at Political Science Research & Methods. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott, and Carlisle Rainey. “Estimators for Topic-Sampling Designs.” Forthcoming at Political Analysis. [PDF]
Jung, Jae-Hee, and Scott Clifford. “Varieties of Values: Moral Values Are Uniquely Divisive.” Forthcoming at the American Political Science Review. [PDF] [Appendix]
Sheagley, Geoffrey, and Scott Clifford. “No Evidence That Measuring Moderators Alters Treatment Effects.” Forthcoming at the American Journal of Political Science. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott, Carlisle Rainey, and Thomas J. Leeper. 2024. “Generalizing Survey Experiments Using Topic Sampling: An Application to Party Cues.” Political Behavior 46: 1233-1256. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott, D.J. Flynn, Brendan Nyhan, and Kasey Rhee. 2024. “Decider in Chief? Why and How the Public Exaggerates the Power of the Presidency.” Political Research Quarterly 77(2): 469-484.
Clifford, Scott and Elizabeth N. Simas. 2024. “Moral Rhetoric, Extreme Positions, and Perceptions of Candidate Sincerity.” Political Behavior 46: 523-542. [PDF] [Appendix] [Replication Data]
Kirkland, Justin H., Elizabeth N. Simas, and Scott Clifford. 2024. “Perceptions of Party Incongruence and Nascent Political Ambition.” Political Behavior 46: 257-276. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott and Brian Sullivan. 2023. “Do Survey Questions Spread Conspiracy Beliefs?” Journal of Experimental Political Science 10(2): 231-241. [PDF] [Appendix] [Replication Data]
Clifford, Scott, Cengiz Erisen, Dane Wendell, and Francisco Cantú. 2023. “Disgust Sensitivity and Support for Immigration Across Five Nations.” Politics and the Life Sciences 42(1): 65-80. [PDF]
Khoudary, Maria, Eleanor Hanna, Kevin O’Neill, Vijeth Iyengar, Scott Clifford, Roberto Cabeza, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, and Felipe De Brigard. 2022. “A Functional Neuroimaging Investigation of Moral Foundations Theory.” Social Neuroscience 17(6): 491-507.
Wright, Jamie M., Scott Clifford, and Elizabeth N. Simas. 2022. “The Limits of Issue Ownership in a Polarized Era.” American Politics Research 50(5): 694-706. [PDF]
Archer, Allison M. N. and Scott Clifford. 2022. “Improving the Measurement of Hostile Sexism.” Public Opinion Quarterly 86(2): 223-246. [PDF] [Appendix]
Clifford, Scott. 2022. “How Moral Motives Link Issue and Trait Ownership.” Political Behavior 44: 705-724. [PDF] [Appendix] [Replication Data]
Clifford, Scott, Geoffrey Sheagley, and Spencer Piston. 2021. “Increasing Precision Without Altering Treatment Effects: Repeated Measures Designs in Survey Experiments.” American Political Science Review 115(3): 1048-1065. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott, Elizabeth Simas, and Justin Kirkland. 2021. “Do Elections Keep the Compassionate Out of the Candidate Pool?” Public Opinion Quarterly 85(2): 649-662. [PDF]
Kennedy, Ryan, Scott Clifford, Tyler Burleigh, Philip D. Waggoner, Ryan Jewell, and Nicholas J. G. Winter. 2020. “The Shape of and Solution to MTurk’s Quality Crisis.” Political Science Research & Methods 8(4): 614-629. [PDF] [R package] [Shiny app] [Qualtrics protocol]
Simas, Elizabeth, Scott Clifford, and Justin Kirkland. 2020. “How Empathic Concern Fuels Political Polarization.” American Political Science Review 114(1): 258-269. [PDF] [Appendix]
Smith, Brianna, Scott Clifford, and Jennifer Jerit. 2020. “How Internet Search Undermines the Validity of Political Knowledge Measures.” Political Research Quarterly 73(1): 141-155. [PDF]
Marques, Lucas Murrins, Scott Clifford, Vijeth Iyengar, Graziela Vieira Bonato, Patricia Moraes Cabral, Rafaela Barretos dos Santos, Roberto Cabeza, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, and Paulo Sergio Boggio. 2020. “Translation and validation of the Moral Foundations Vignettes (MFVs) for the Portuguese language in a Brazilian Sample.” Judgment and Decision Making 15(1): 149-158.
Clifford, Scott. 2020. “Compassionate Democrats and Tough Republicans: How Ideology Shapes Partisan Stereotypes.” Political Behavior 42(4): 1269-1293. [PDF] [Replication Data]
Clifford, Scott, Yongkwang Kim, and Brian Sullivan. 2019. “An Improved Question Format for Measuring Conspiracy Beliefs.” Public Opinion Quarterly 83(4): 690-722. [PDF] [Appendix]
Clifford, Scott, Elizabeth Simas, and Justin Kirkland. 2019. “How Dispositional Empathy Influences Nascent Political Ambition.” Journal of Politics 81(3): 1043-1056. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott. 2019. “How Emotional Frames Moralize and Polarize Political Attitudes.” Political Psychology 40(1): 75-91. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott and Jennifer Jerit. 2018. “Disgust, Anxiety, and Political Learning in the Face of Threat.” American Journal of Political Science 62(2): 266-279. [PDF] [Appendix]
Clifford, Scott. 2018. “Reassessing the Structure of Presidential Character.” Electoral Studies 54: 240-247. [PDF]
Thomas, Kyle A. and Scott Clifford. 2017. “Validity and Mechanical Turk: An Assessment of Exclusion Methods and Interactive Experiments.” Computers in Human Behavior 77: 184-197. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott. 2017. “Individual Differences in Group Loyalty Predict Partisan Strength.” Political Behavior 39(3): 531-552. [PDF] [Replication Data]
Clifford, Scott and Spencer Piston. 2017. “Explaining Public Support for Counterproductive Homelessness Policy: The Role of Disgust.” Political Behavior 39(2): 503-525. [PDF] [Appendix] [Replication Data] [Featured in the Monkey Cage.]
Clifford, Scott and Jennifer Jerit. 2016. “Cheating on Knowledge Questions in Online Surveys: An Assessment of the Problem and Solutions.” Public Opinion Quarterly 80(4): 858-887. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott, and Ben Gaskins. 2016. “Trust Me, I Believe in God: Candidate Religiosity as a Signal of Trustworthiness.” American Politics Research 44(6): 1066-1097. [PDF] [Featured in Pacific Standard at PSMag.com]
Clifford, Scott, and Dane G. Wendell. 2016. “How Disgust Influences Health Purity Attitudes.” Political Behavior 38(1): 155-178. [PDF] [Online Appendix]
Clifford, Scott, Ryan Jewell, and Philip Waggoner. 2015. “Are Samples Drawn from Mechanical Turk Valid for Research on Political Ideology?” Research & Politics, October-December: 1-9 [PDF] [Appendix] [Replication Data]
Clifford, Scott, Vijeth Iyengar, Roberto Cabeza, and Walter Sinnott-Armstrong. 2015. “Moral Foundations Vignettes: A Standardized Stimulus Database of Scenarios Based on Moral Foundations Theory.” Behavior Research Methods 47(4): 1178-1198. [PDF] [Recommended Vignettes] [Full Norms for Vignettes]
Clifford, Scott and Jennifer Jerit. 2015. “Do Attempts to Increase Respondent Attention Increase Socially Desirability Bias?” Public Opinion Quarterly 79(3): 790-802. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott, Jennifer Jerit, Carlisle Rainey, and Matt Motyl. 2015. “Moral Concerns and Policy Attitudes: Investigating the Influence of Elite Rhetoric.” Political Communication 33(2): 229-248. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott and Jennifer Jerit. 2014. “Is There a Cost to Convenience? An Experimental Comparison of Data Quality in Laboratory and Online Studies.” Journal of Experimental Political Science 1(2): 120-131. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott. 2014. “Linking Issue Stances and Trait Inferences: A Theory of Moral Exemplification.” Journal of Politics 76(3): 698-710. [PDF] [Online Appendix]
Clifford, Scott and Jennifer Jerit. 2013. “How Words Do the Work of Politics: Moral Foundations Theory and the Debate over Stem Cell Research.” Journal of Politics 75(3). [PDF]
Jerit, Jennifer, Jason Barabas and Scott Clifford. 2013. “Comparing Contemporaneous Laboratory and Field Experiments on Media Effects.” Public Opinion Quarterly 77(1): 256-282. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott. 2012. “Reassessing the Unequal Representation of Latinos and African Americans.” Journal of Politics 74 (3): 903-916. [PDF]