Publications (Full CV) (Google Scholar)
Clifford, Scott, and Carlisle Rainey. “Estimators for Topic-Sampling Designs.” Forthcoming at Political Analysis. [PDF]
Jung, Jae-Hee, and Scott Clifford. “Varieties of Values: Moral Values Are Uniquely Divisive.” Forthcoming at American Political Science Review. [PDF] [Appendix]
Clifford, Scott, D.J. Flynn, Brendan Nyhan, and Kasey Rhee. “Decider in Chief? Why and How the Public Exaggerates the Power of the Presidency.” Forthcoming at Political Research Quarterly.
Sheagley, Geoffrey, and Scott Clifford. “No Evidence That Measuring Moderators Alters Treatment Effects.” Forthcoming at the American Journal of Political Science. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott, Carlisle Rainey, and Thomas J. Leeper. “Generalizing Survey Experiments Using Topic Sampling: An Application to Party Cues.” Forthcoming at Political Behavior. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott and Elizabeth N. Simas. 2024. “Moral Rhetoric, Extreme Positions, and Perceptions of Candidate Sincerity.” Political Behavior 46: 523-542. [PDF] [Appendix] [Replication Data]
Kirkland, Justin H., Elizabeth N. Simas, and Scott Clifford. 2024. “Perceptions of Party Incongruence and Nascent Political Ambition.” Political Behavior 46: 257-276. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott and Brian Sullivan. 2023. “Do Survey Questions Spread Conspiracy Beliefs?” Journal of Experimental Political Science 10(2): 231-241. [PDF] [Appendix] [Replication Data]
Clifford, Scott, Cengiz Erisen, Dane Wendell, and Francisco Cantú. 2023. “Disgust Sensitivity and Support for Immigration Across Five Nations.” Politics and the Life Sciences 42(1): 65-80. [PDF]
Khoudary, Maria, Eleanor Hanna, Kevin O’Neill, Vijeth Iyengar, Scott Clifford, Roberto Cabeza, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, and Felipe De Brigard. 2022. “A Functional Neuroimaging Investigation of Moral Foundations Theory.” Social Neuroscience 17(6): 491-507.
Wright, Jamie M., Scott Clifford, and Elizabeth N. Simas. 2022. “The Limits of Issue Ownership in a Polarized Era.” American Politics Research 50(5): 694-706. [PDF]
Archer, Allison M. N. and Scott Clifford. 2022. “Improving the Measurement of Hostile Sexism.” Public Opinion Quarterly 86(2): 223-246. [PDF] [Appendix]
Clifford, Scott. 2022. “How Moral Motives Link Issue and Trait Ownership.” Political Behavior 44: 705-724. [PDF] [Appendix] [Replication Data]
Clifford, Scott, Geoffrey Sheagley, and Spencer Piston. 2021. “Increasing Precision Without Altering Treatment Effects: Repeated Measures Designs in Survey Experiments.” American Political Science Review 115(3): 1048-1065. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott, Elizabeth Simas, and Justin Kirkland. 2021. “Do Elections Keep the Compassionate Out of the Candidate Pool?” Public Opinion Quarterly 85(2): 649-662. [PDF]
Kennedy, Ryan, Scott Clifford, Tyler Burleigh, Philip D. Waggoner, Ryan Jewell, and Nicholas J. G. Winter. 2020. “The Shape of and Solution to MTurk’s Quality Crisis.” Political Science Research & Methods 8(4): 614-629. [PDF] [R package] [Shiny app] [Qualtrics protocol]
Simas, Elizabeth, Scott Clifford, and Justin Kirkland. 2020. “How Empathic Concern Fuels Political Polarization.” American Political Science Review 114(1): 258-269. [PDF] [Appendix]
Smith, Brianna, Scott Clifford, and Jennifer Jerit. 2020. “How Internet Search Undermines the Validity of Political Knowledge Measures.” Political Research Quarterly 73(1): 141-155. [PDF]
Marques, Lucas Murrins, Scott Clifford, Vijeth Iyengar, Graziela Vieira Bonato, Patricia Moraes Cabral, Rafaela Barretos dos Santos, Roberto Cabeza, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, and Paulo Sergio Boggio. 2020. “Translation and validation of the Moral Foundations Vignettes (MFVs) for the Portuguese language in a Brazilian Sample.” Judgment and Decision Making 15(1): 149-158.
Clifford, Scott. 2020. “Compassionate Democrats and Tough Republicans: How Ideology Shapes Partisan Stereotypes.” Political Behavior 42(4): 1269-1293. [PDF] [Replication Data]
Clifford, Scott, Yongkwang Kim, and Brian Sullivan. 2019. “An Improved Question Format for Measuring Conspiracy Beliefs.” Public Opinion Quarterly 83(4): 690-722. [PDF] [Appendix]
Clifford, Scott, Elizabeth Simas, and Justin Kirkland. 2019. “How Dispositional Empathy Influences Nascent Political Ambition.” Journal of Politics 81(3): 1043-1056. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott. 2019. “How Emotional Frames Moralize and Polarize Political Attitudes.” Political Psychology 40(1): 75-91. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott and Jennifer Jerit. 2018. “Disgust, Anxiety, and Political Learning in the Face of Threat.” American Journal of Political Science 62(2): 266-279. [PDF] [Appendix]
Clifford, Scott. 2018. “Reassessing the Structure of Presidential Character.” Electoral Studies 54: 240-247. [PDF]
Thomas, Kyle A. and Scott Clifford. 2017. “Validity and Mechanical Turk: An Assessment of Exclusion Methods and Interactive Experiments.” Computers in Human Behavior 77: 184-197. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott. 2017. “Individual Differences in Group Loyalty Predict Partisan Strength.” Political Behavior 39(3): 531-552. [PDF] [Replication Data]
Clifford, Scott and Spencer Piston. 2017. “Explaining Public Support for Counterproductive Homelessness Policy: The Role of Disgust.” Political Behavior 39(2): 503-525. [PDF] [Appendix] [Replication Data] [Featured in the Monkey Cage.]
Clifford, Scott and Jennifer Jerit. 2016. “Cheating on Knowledge Questions in Online Surveys: An Assessment of the Problem and Solutions.” Public Opinion Quarterly 80(4): 858-887. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott, and Ben Gaskins. 2016. “Trust Me, I Believe in God: Candidate Religiosity as a Signal of Trustworthiness.” American Politics Research 44(6): 1066-1097. [PDF] [Featured in Pacific Standard at PSMag.com]
Clifford, Scott, and Dane G. Wendell. 2016. “How Disgust Influences Health Purity Attitudes.” Political Behavior 38(1): 155-178. [PDF] [Online Appendix]
Clifford, Scott, Ryan Jewell, and Philip Waggoner. 2015. “Are Samples Drawn from Mechanical Turk Valid for Research on Political Ideology?” Research & Politics, October-December: 1-9 [PDF] [Appendix] [Replication Data]
Clifford, Scott, Vijeth Iyengar, Roberto Cabeza, and Walter Sinnott-Armstrong. 2015. “Moral Foundations Vignettes: A Standardized Stimulus Database of Scenarios Based on Moral Foundations Theory.” Behavior Research Methods 47(4): 1178-1198. [PDF] [Recommended Vignettes] [Full Norms for Vignettes]
Clifford, Scott and Jennifer Jerit. 2015. “Do Attempts to Increase Respondent Attention Increase Socially Desirability Bias?” Public Opinion Quarterly 79(3): 790-802. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott, Jennifer Jerit, Carlisle Rainey, and Matt Motyl. 2015. “Moral Concerns and Policy Attitudes: Investigating the Influence of Elite Rhetoric.” Political Communication 33(2): 229-248. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott and Jennifer Jerit. 2014. “Is There a Cost to Convenience? An Experimental Comparison of Data Quality in Laboratory and Online Studies.” Journal of Experimental Political Science 1(2): 120-131. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott. 2014. “Linking Issue Stances and Trait Inferences: A Theory of Moral Exemplification.” Journal of Politics 76(3): 698-710. [PDF] [Online Appendix]
Clifford, Scott and Jennifer Jerit. 2013. “How Words Do the Work of Politics: Moral Foundations Theory and the Debate over Stem Cell Research.” Journal of Politics 75(3). [PDF]
Jerit, Jennifer, Jason Barabas and Scott Clifford. 2013. “Comparing Contemporaneous Laboratory and Field Experiments on Media Effects.” Public Opinion Quarterly 77(1): 256-282. [PDF]
Clifford, Scott. 2012. “Reassessing the Unequal Representation of Latinos and African Americans.” Journal of Politics 74 (3): 903-916. [PDF]